Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Published: May 1, 2022 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2022/49881.16335
Rahimeh Khajoei, Nabiollah Heydarpour, Reza Sadeghi, Mohadeseh Balvardi, Hamid Jafari, Sajad Shokohian, Farzad Rahmani
1. Department of Medical Emergencies, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
2. Emergency Department, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
3. Department of Public Health, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
4. Department of Public Health, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
5. Department of Medical Emergencies, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
6. Emergency Department, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
7. Department of Medicine, Emergency and Trauma Care Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Correspondence
Dr. Farzad Rahmani,
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Emergency and Trauma Care
Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
E-mail: rahmanif@tbzmed.ac.ir
Introduction: Coronavirus Disease in 2019 (COVID-19) is globally a major factor in the mortality of patients. Hence, there is an immediate requirement to recognise the mortality predictors in the COVID-19 patients.
Aim: To identify the clinical features and risk factors for the mortality of adult patients suffering from COVID-19 in Sirjan, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, all demographic, clinical, laboratory data of COVID-19 patients who were admitted to hospitals of Sirjan city was collected from July to October 2020 and data was analysed in November 2020. In this period, 269 patients with COVID-19 were admitted. The findings based on the considered parameters of patients in the hospital was recorded; Univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were applied to find the risk factors due to in hospital death.
Results: Out of 269 patients, 39 patients (14.5%) died in the hospital and the rest were discharged. A total of 152 (56.5%) patients had co-morbidities. Hypertension (HTN) was the most common underlying disease 71 (26.4%), followed by Diabetes Mellitus (DM) 55 (20.4%), cardiac disease, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD). The most common symptom was dyspnoea 207 (77%), followed by cough, 192 (71.4%) and fever, 127 (47.2%). The most common findings in the chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan of patients was ground-glass opacity with a frequency of 150 among 188 patients (79.8%) in patients with the abnormal CT scan. Multivariable regression indicated the increased odds of in-hospital death associated with COPD (OR=3.20, 95% CI 1.02-10.04; p=0.046), arterial saturation of oxygen =93% (OR=5.70, 95% CL 2.42-13.40; p<0.001), and leukocytosis (OR=7.26, 95% CL, 3.02-17.49, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, COPD, arterial saturation of oxygen (=93%), and leukocytosis were risk factors for the hospital mortality of COVID-19. It might be proper for the initial determination of patients, who may need life saving interventions.
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